Beating engine



May 2o 1924. 1,494,820

S. SMITH BEATING ENGINE FiledA March 17. 1921 Patented May 20, 192.4.

UNITED STATESy PAT or BEATING ENGINE.

Application mea Maroni?, 192i; seriaino. 453,040.

T all whom timmy concern:

Be it known that I, SIGURD SMITH, sub

ject of the -King of Denmark, residing atl Charlottenlund, near Copenhagen, VDenmark, have invented' new and useful Improvements in Beating Engines, of which` the following is a specification. The so-called Hollander, one of the most important machines of the paper industryserves, as it is well known, to prepare the paper stuff before the latter is conveyed to the vat and from there to theY wire cloth of the paper machine.

In spite of the great importance of this machine in the paper industry, and its use during several hundred years, there has been, up to now, a remarkable want vof `understanding of the circumstances ruling` its action and, consequently, the designer has been in a diiiicult position when .having to dimension the Hollanderifor a certain capacity anda certain quality. Numerous exs periments were made in order to formsy a reliable theory for the Hollander, but upto the present time, none of the theories proposed has proved itself to be reliable in practice.

By scientifically conducted deliberations and a `parallel series of experiments, as well as by a scientifically directed mathematical treatment of the material compiled inV this manner, the applicant has succeededA 1n4 removing the darkness surrounding, up to now, the working of the Hollander, and inA forming a theory for the same in accordance with the results of the experiments.

The present invention relatesto an ar-. rangement adapted to increase the capacity of the Hollander, the. said arrangement be.-

ing based upon the comprehension of the mode of action of this machine, which the,

applicant has arrived at, .and the invention constitutes a technical result of this comprehension. v

short account of'this vcomprehension must be given.

The treatment of the paper stuff in the Hollander has 'a double effect: In the first 5 to a certainlength shorter than the one they had in the raw material, in the second yplace the fibres are exposed to pressure in combinationr with .a partial crushing .and tear ing action. f

Before the invention may be described; a.

place the individual fibres of the stuff 'are cut hile` it had not, upv to the presenttime, been-made clear how.the stuff'` was enabled to assume l,a position. favorable for beingv cut between the edges ofthe bars, vnorhow.

the stuff 'may be introduced'between thev faces ofthe rollfbars and the plate-bars. in

such a manner that it willbe exp,osedfto a pressure an-d tearing action, the author hasr succeededk in clearing these questions. `In. the accompanying drawings Figs. 1, Zand 3 showdiagrammatically the action of'roll bars and plate bars on the stuff. Figs 4;, i

6, 7 f and Sare broken and.` fragmentary `sections through a machine, showing the applis cation of various constructions yof myv invention. i n

lThe applicant has shown, in fact, that during the operationl `of the. machine the fibres of the stuff adhere as a bundle -to the i front edges of the rollbars andsimilarly,

to the oppositely ydirected front edges of ,the-i plate bars as it is indicated,- quite diagramf matically, in Fig. l which illustrates a crosssection of a roll bar a vand a plate bar b, while the arrow 0 indicates: ther direction of motion of the roll bar. Tliefibres d attach themselves `as a bundle tothe bar edges and, mainly, in a plane .perpendicular to the axis of the bar roll, a position which the fibres will assume even on accountof `the downward motion of the .roll lbars in the stuff, as itappears from the following..

Suppose that in Fig. 2 the observer ofthe figure moves with the roll bars, andsup-pose that the arrows indicate the apparent velocity Aof the stuff relatively to these bars,- then it will be seen that the flow of stuff will be split by the downwardly `directed bar edges, the result being that thev fibres will attach themselves like a bundle tothe bar edges, while the stuff slides `partly in directionof the-bottom `face ofthebar (i. e., in` tangential direction) partly iny direction kof the front face thereof (i. e., in radial direcf tion). In similar mannerthe-motion in lFig. 3 'may be conceived, this figure illustrating, in outline,va portion of lacross-section ofthe plate bars with two roll bars a movingaboveV the same. When the observer follows the in whirling motion in the direction of the arrow, and maintained in such motion, andv the plate bars, while causing this motion, will catch a fibre bundle on their vfront edges as indicatedV in the figure. I

rThe present novel arrangement of Hollanders is based upon this novel comprehension of the actual co-operation of the roll bars, the plate bars and the fibrous stuff in the machine. y

It has frequently been attempted to attain an -increased beating action by providing, Vin the Hollander, a considerable number yof plate' bars in theHollander and then, as a rule, in such manner that the plate bars were disposed in two or more groups at some'distance from one another. Experience' has shown, however, that a higher beating effectcannot at allv be attained by increasing the number of'plate bars beyond a certain small number, and this suitable number depends somehow on the kind of stuff tolbe beaten in the Hollander. The reason why the beating effect cannot be increased in this manner, is to be found in the fact that. in case of the known plate bar construction the. said stuff bundle hanging on the edge of the roll bar has no chance to be maintained or rather to be replaced, when gradually worn away.

The invention has now forits object to provide such maintenance or renewal of vthe stuff bundles of the roll bars during the motion ofthe latter over the plate and, ac-

cording to the invention, this Vobject is to be attained by giving the front edges of the roll bars, at one or more points of the plate and with or without operation from the outside, a chance to Yhave the stuff bundle replaced when worn' away, whereby the bars will be enabled toA renew or repeat their action over the not yet passed portion of the plate.

This principler underlying the invention Amay be carried out in various manners. 45

One construction is illustrated in Figs. land 5, the former showing a section of the Hollander at right angle. to the bar roll axis, and the latter showing, on an enlarged scaleA a portion `of lthe plate. i

As, it will be seen, the plate in the illustrated construction is discontinued at eentre, so that it forms two sections between which there is provided a recess which c-losed at top by means of a diaphragm l1, fastened along its edges by means of a strip z' attached by screws to the plate bar box. Below the diaphragm there is provided a beam y' parallel to the bar roll axis, and to I, the top 'edge of this beam the diaphragm isv i also-fastened by means of a plate 7c secured by screws. verticall guiding rods encircled by fixed guides, so thaty the beam-may be moved up and down while maintaining constantly its position parallel tothe -roll axis, the said- At bottom the beam supports` downward motion is imparted tol the dia- I phragm and, thereby, the stuff contained in the space between the roll bars is set in vertically pulsating motion, while it passes over the diaphragm. By this pulsating motion the stuff is caused to pass the front edges of the roll bars'and, thereby, these front edges get an opportunity to catch a fresh stuff bundle.

Instead of the described driving ymechanism an eccentric driving shaft provided below the diaphragm may be adapted to operate the same directly. The membrane may also be set in oscillation as desired by means of air or liquid being caused to oscillate below the same.

The same effect on the stuff may obviously also be attained by use of any other device anywhere in the plate, provided that this device be able to bring about a radial or partly radial motion of the stuft' contained between the bars of the bar roll, so that an opportunity is offered the bars to pick up a fresh fibre bundle.

As an example of such arrangements there is shown, in Fig. 6, a section of a portion of the plate, the said section being at right angle to the roll axis. Here no pumping device is used as in Fig. 5, but an agitating device is inserted between the two groups of the plate. The agitating vanes are marked Z, and the agitating shaft is marked m. The vanes will impart to the stuff a mot-ion at right angle to the direction of motion of the roll bars in order to facilitate, thereby, the settlement yof stuff libres on the front edges of the bars.

In Fig. 7 there is illustrated still another embodiment of the principle underlying the invention. Air is here blown into the stufi contained in the space between the two plate halves, namely through holes n in the bottom part Q between the two plate section, and here the stuff is set in such motion that the roll bars get an opportunity to catch duced by operation from the outside. Asfitappears from the following, however, the

llO

Said desired motion of the stufl` between the roll bars may be eEected without any such operation from the outside.

As mentioned above, it has been attempted to increase the capacity by sub division of the plate bars into two separate groups. Hereby, however, ordinarily no renewal of the fibre bundle will be attained, because the stuff contained between the two plate bar groups will find no opportunity to replace the stuff between the roll bars. It was demonstrated experimentally by Professor Haussner in his book entitled Der Hollander, edited in Stuttgart, Germany in 1902, that the roll and the stuff con.- tained in the bar spaces of the same and revolving together wit-h the roll was only to a Very slight extent able to set in motion the stuff contained in the space outside of the bars of the roll and, therefore, it must be assumed, in general, that along the cylinder surface dotted in Fig. 8 the revolving stuff will slide along the approximately stationary stuff in the space between the plate bar groups. Such sliding motion will be avoided if a smooth or bright plate be provided at such slight distance from the roll that the quantity of stuff filling the space will actually be forced, wholly or partially, to fo-llow the motion of the roll, while the stuff slides on the said plate.

When now this plate is given a suitable shape, for instance the one shown on Fig. 8, Where the distance of the plate from the roll is larger at centre than at the ends, the result will be attained that the stuff contained in the spaces between the roll bars will be partly extracted from the spaces between the bars by the rotation of the roll and, more specifically, until the stuff reaches the centre of the bright or smooth plate whereafter the stuff will again be conveyed into the said spaces, while the stuff moves from the centre of the smooth plate towards the second group of plate bars. Owing to this motion of the stuff in radial direction, simultaneously with the stuff being taken along by the roll bars, a fresh fibre bundle will become deposited on the front edges of the roll bars,l this action being attained without any operation from the outside.

In the above constructions, it has been assumed' that arrangements like those here prevent, however, that such devices might be used at several points of the plate, so that the effect of these devices may be repeated several times during the passage of the roll barsr above the plate.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

l. A bed plate for beating engine rolls having a grooved surface cooperative with the adjacent periphery of a beating roll, and means for discharging compressed air to said bed plate and between the opposed surfaces thereof and said beating roll.

2. In a beating engine the combination of a beating roll, a number of bed plates cooperative with the adjacent periphery of said bea-ting roll, a recess between said bed plates, and means for causing movement in a direction to and fro the axis of the said roll of the stuff contained in said recess.

3. In a beating engine the combination of a beating roll, a numberof bed plates cooperative vwith the adjacent periphery of said beating roll, a recess arranged between said bed plates and having a diaphragmatic bottom, and means for causing an oscillation of said bottom and thereby of the stuff contained in the recess in a dipction to and fro the axis of the said ro 4. In a beating engine the combination of a beating roll, a number of bed plates cooperative with the adjacent periphery of said beating roll, a recess arranged between said bed plates and having a diaphragmatic bottom and a rotating shaft causing an oscillation of said bottom and thereby of the stuff contained in the recess. in a direction to and fro the axis of the said roll.

5. In a beating engine the combination of a beating roll, a number of bed plates cooperative with the adjacent periphery of said beating roll, a recess between said bed plates and a hollow bottom in said recess causing the stuff contained between the roll bars tofirst move away from the axis of the roll and later on towards same.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature.

y SIGURD SMITH.

Witnesses:

CARL HEMMIENGSEN, ULLA BANG. 

